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Post by whiterose on Apr 10, 2007 10:29:56 GMT -5
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Post by whiterose on Apr 11, 2007 10:44:20 GMT -5
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Post by whiterose on Apr 12, 2007 11:56:37 GMT -5
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Post by whiterose on Apr 22, 2007 18:21:04 GMT -5
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Post by skytroll on Apr 22, 2007 21:09:23 GMT -5
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Post by skytroll on Apr 22, 2007 21:19:07 GMT -5
So, the way in is Bacteriophages in my deductions here. But, how and for what purpose? ".....Breaking the barrier to RNAi in mammals For more than 30 years, it has been known that exposure of mammalian cells to long dsRNAs induces innate immune pathways, including interferon-regulated responses that serve as antiviral mechanisms. The enzyme dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is activated on binding to dsRNA and localized, but sequence-independent destruction of RNAs and a generalized repression of protein synthesis results5. The existence of these innate immune pathways seemed incompatible with the use of dsRNA for silencing a particular target gene. However, evidence of an RNAi pathway in mammals came from the observation that key biochemical components of the RNAi pathway are conserved6, 7. It was also shown that long dsRNAs can trigger gene-specific responses when they are introduced into mammalian embryos and embryonic cell lines in which nonspecific antiviral responses to dsRNAs are not prevalent4. This raised the problem of how to shift the response of a mammalian cell to foreign dsRNA from the nonspecific sequence-independent defence pathways to the sequence-specific RNAi pathway. Attempts to meet this challenge have resulted in RNAi being established as a genetic tool in mammalian cells and animals."....... ........ "Using siRNAs for RNAi A biochemical understanding of the RNAi pathway (Fig. 1; see review in this issue by Meister and Tuschl, page 343) was crucial to realizing that dsRNAs shorter than 30 base pairs (bp) could be used to trigger an RNAi response in mammals. Tuschl and colleagues showed that transfection of mammalian cells with short RNAs could induce the sequence-specific RNAi pathway, and so overcame the barrier to the use of RNAi as a genetic tool in mammals8. The impetus to use siRNAs and other small RNAs in mammalian cells also came from the long-standing view that PKR activation and similar responses were not effectively triggered by short dsRNAs. Following the initial reports, it took a remarkably short period of time for siRNAs triggers to be adopted as a standard component of the molecular biology toolkit"..... "....The discovery of the endogenous triggers of the RNAi pathway in the form of small temporal RNAs — now termed microRNAs (miRNAs)9, 10, 11 — suggested that RNAi might be triggered in mammalian cells by synthetic genes that express mimics of endogenous triggers. Several laboratories simultaneously used related approaches to test this idea. These involved expressing mimics of miRNAs in the form of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) from RNA polymerase II or III promoters12. The shRNAs themselves varied in size and design, with stems ranging from 19 to 29 nucleotides in length, and with various degrees of structural similarity to natural miRNAs. All these approaches were effective to varying degrees, and at present, no real consensus has developed on the most effective way to present synthetic miRNAs to the RNAi pathway. Because these triggers are encoded by DNA vectors, they can be delivered to cells in any of the innumerable ways that have been devised for delivery of DNA constructs that allow ectopic mRNA expression. These include standard transient transfection, stable transfection and delivery using viruses ranging from retroviruses to adenoviruses. Expression can also be driven by either constitutive or inducible promoter systems12."... For an image of this: www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7006/fig_tab/nature02870_F1.htmlfull link: www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7006/full/nature02870.htmlHope this isn't confusing.....but the DNA synthesis will find it's way into us by way of drugs, vaccines, chemtrails, or vectors. The best way to introduce Artificial life into humans. Food isn't enough, gotta go straight to the genes. So more on bacteriophages, proteomes, and synthetic DNA. Later.....my friends...... skytroll
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Post by whiterose on Apr 27, 2007 8:48:03 GMT -5
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Post by whiterose on Jun 1, 2007 19:40:47 GMT -5
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